A general decline in immune function has been observed in aging women, a process known as immune senescence (immune system dysfunction).
Several of these immune changes are common among postmenopausal women. Age-related and hormone-related factors contribute to immune senescence, which may increase the risk of chronic inflammation, frailty, chronic diseases, and functional decline during menopause.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may help protect against immune senescence and support overall immune health in menopausal women.