Menopause is associated with a progressive increase in total cholesterol, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL), lipoprotein-α, and triglycerides, along with a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL is often referred to as “good cholesterol” because it helps remove (excess) cholesterol from the bloodstream, while LDL is considered “bad cholesterol,” as high levels of it can contribute to plaque buildup in the arteries.
The rise in LDL levels during menopause is largely linked to the decline in estrogen. Hormone replacement therapy has been shown to help lower LDL levels.